Dilemmas of structural adjustment and environmental policies under instability: Post-1980 Turkey

Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Women

o It is found that the SAP design and framework does not adequately address gender issues, which is again due to the focus of SAP on efficiency, growth and stabilization, without considering structural constraints, and without considering inequality, including that between men and women. Gender concerns were incorporated much later along with issues such as institutions, governance and the envi...

Consequences of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Poor

Second Best Environmental Policies under Uncertainty *

We construct a strategic trade model of an international duopoly, whereby production by exporting firms generates a local pollutant. Governments use environmental policies, i.e., an emissions standard or a tax, to control pollution and for rent shifting purposes. Contrary to their firm, however, governments are unable to perfectly foresee the actual level of demand, the cost of abatement and th...

Sultan Muhammad KhwarazmShah's policies and political instability caused by them

In the present study, employing David Saunders's standpoints on political instability and its indicators, political instability at the period of Muhammad KhwarazmShah has been surveyed, based on two basic concepts of changes and challenges. The characteristics of political instability at the period mentioned have been identified in four categories of norm change, change of chief executive offic...

What did structural adjustment adjust?: The association of policies and growth with repeated IMF and World Bank adjustment loans

Analysis of adjustment loans often overlooks their repetition to the same country. Repetition changes the nature of the selection problem. None of the top 20 recipients of repeated adjustment lending over 1980–99 were able to achieve reasonable growth and contain all policy distortions. About half of the adjustment loan recipients show severe macroeconomic distortions regardless of cumulative a...